Top 10 Oldest buildings in the world

Building defined as any human made structure used or intended for supporting or sheltering any use or continuous occupancy. Since the dawn of civilization human being built buildings. And there are many oldest buildings still stands mostly they are graves, temples or tombs. Most of oldest buildings are also located in European continent. Followings are list of top oldest man made buildings in the world.

Top 10 Oldest buildings in the world

1. Barnenez, 4850 B.C, France

The Cairn of Barnenez is a Neolithic monument located near Plouezoc'h, on the Kernéléhen peninsula in northern Finistère, Brittany (France). It dates to the early Neolithic, about 4800 BC; it is considered one of the earliest megalithic monuments in Europe, as well as the oldest building in the world, along with the Tumulus of Bougon and Locmariaquer megaliths, also located in Great West France. It is also remarkable for the presence of megalithic art. The chambers are linked by narrow passageways. There are also engraved symbols within chambers of barnenez, depict different animals. Barnenez passage grave in Brittany of France is the oldest known man made building in the world, dates back to 4850 B.C.  Barnenez is also the exceptional example of oldest form of architecture remains intact. It stretches over 72 meters and contains eleven burial chambers. It was rediscovered in 1955.

2. Tumulus of Bougon, 4700 B.C, France

The Tumulus of Bougon or Necropolis of Bougon is a group of five Neolithic barrows located in Bougon near La-Mothe-Saint-Héray, between Exoudon and Pamproux in Poitou-Charentes, France. Their discovery in 1840 raised great scientific interest. To protect the monuments, the site was acquired by the department of Deux-Sèvres in 1873. Excavations resumed in the late 1960s. The oldest structures of this prehistoric monument date to 4800 BC. It is an outstanding example of one of oldest funerary architecture around the world. All five tumulus were made of stone and soil. The barrows within the site varies by their size and also have different inner structure. The enormous stones used for the construction of chambers exceeds 30 tons in weight. The Bougon museum also houses many of artifacts from the Tumulus including jewelries, flint tools and potteries.

3. Tumulus Saint-Michael, 4500 B.C, France

The Tumulus of St. Michel is a megalithic grave mound, located east of Carnac in Brittany, France. It is the largest grave mound in continental Europe. The tumulus was built during the fifth millennium BC. The Saint-Michel tumulus consists of a mound of earth and stones 125 meters long, 50 meters wide and 10 meters high. Explored in 1862, researchers found there a central vault containing a fairly prestigious funerary furniture : axes, pearls, flint tools and sillimanite.  It is the subject of a classification as National heritage site since 1889. Scientists discovered many of furniture made of stone from the crypt of the mound. Just like pyramids of Egypt the site also contains many funerary objects. There is also a chapel situated above of the mound. It was built in 1663 and reconstructed in 1926.

4. Monte d’Accoddi, 4000 B.C, Italy

Monte d'Accoddi is an archaeological site in northern Sardinia, Italy, located in the territory of Sassari near Porto Torres. It is the site of a Chalcolithic structure of the Ozieri culture, the oldest parts are dated to around c. 4,000-3,650 BC and discovered in 1954, in a field owned by Segni family. The structure has a base of 27 m by 27 m and probably reached a height of 5.5 m. It culminated in a platform of about 12.5 m by 7.2 m, accessible via a ramp. It has been variously described as an altar, a mound, a temple or a step pyramid. As there have never been found any chambers or entrances to the mound, it is presumed to have been either an altar or to have served an observational function, as its square plan is coordinated with the cardinal points of the compass.

5. Knap of Howar, 3700 B.C, Scotland

The Knap of Howar on the island of Papa Westray in Orkney, Scotland, a Neolithic farmstead may be the oldest preserved stone house in northern Europe. Radiocarbon dating shows that it was occupied from 3700 BC to 2800 BC, earlier than the similar houses in the settlement at Skara Brae on the Orkney Mainland. The walls are stationing up to a height of 1.6 meters and both stone houses have small door facing the sea. These houses are connected by internal passageways. There are also furnitures made of stone that represent the life of Neolithic farmers. The evidence from the midden of the monument revealed that the Neolithic farmers also kept their cattle, pigs and sheeps within the houses. Knap of Howar was restored back in 1930 and in 1970. Many of finely decorated potteries and tombs of Neolithic farmers also restored from near by places by the archaeologists.

6. Ggantija, 3700 B.C, Malta

Ġgantija (Giants Tower) is a megalithic temple complex from the Neolithic on the Mediterranean island of Gozo. The Ġgantija temples are the earliest of the Megalithic Temples of Malta. The Ġgantija temples are older than the pyramids of Egypt. Their makers erected the two Ġgantija temples during the Neolithic (c. 3600–2500 BCE), which makes these temples more than 5500 years old and the world's second oldest manmade religious structures after Göbekli Tepe. Together with other similar structures, these have been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Megalithic Temples of Malta.  The temples were possibly the site of a fertility rites; archeologists believe that the numerous figurines and statues found on site are connected with that cult. According to local Gozitan folklore, a giantess who ate nothing but broad beans and honey bore a child from a man of the common people. With the child hanging from her shoulder, built these temples and used them as places of worship.

7. West Kennet Long Barrow, 3650 B.C, England

The West Kennet Long Barrow is a Neolithic tomb or barrow, situated on a prominent chalk ridge, near Silbury Hill, one-and-a-half miles south of Avebury in Wiltshire, England. The construction of the West Kennet Long Barrow commenced about 3600 BC, which is some 400 years before the first stage of Stonehenge, and it was in use until around 2500 BC. The mound has been damaged by indiscriminate digging, but archaeological excavations in 1859 and 1955-56 found at least 46 burials, ranging from babies to elderly persons. The bones were disarticulated with some of the skulls and long bones missing. It has been suggested that the bones were removed periodically for display or transported elsewhere with the blocking facade being removed and replaced each time. Recent re-analysis of the dating evidence suggests that the 46 people all died within 20-30 years of each other, and that the tomb was open for 1,000 years.

8. Listoghil, 3550 B.C, Ireland

Listoghil is the large central monument in the Carrowmore group of prehistoric tombs in County Sligo in Ireland. It is also known as Carrowmore 51 tomb, numbered by George Petrie, The Irish archaeologist and painter in 1837. Listoghil is the main passage tomb in Carrowmore tomb complex in Ireland. It is the only passage tomb in Carrowmore that to have a cairn, a mound of stones. This ancient passage tomb was built over 5500 years ago. Listoghil was excavated in 1990. The cairn and passage of the sit was reconstructed in the same year. Archaeologists also discovered a megalithic rock art from the site, one of rare examples from prehistoric Europe.

9. Sechin Bajo, 3500 B.C, Peru

Sechin Bajo is a large archaeological site with ruins dating from 3500 BCE to 1300 BCE, making it one of the oldest centers of civilization in the Western Hemisphere. Sechin Bajo is located in the valley of the Sechin River, about 12 kilometres from the Pacific Ocean and about 330 kilometres northwest of Lima, Peru. In 2008, a German and Peruvian archaeological team, headed by Peter Fuchs, announced that a circular plaza, 10–12 meters in diameter and constructed of rocks and rectangular adode bricks had been found at Sechin Bajo. Radiocarbon dating indicated that plaza was constructed in 3500 BCE. The ruins of Sechin Bajo cover an area of about 37 hectares, A nearby 2 meter-tall (2 yards) frieze was dated at 3600 BCE. The plaza and the frieze are the two oldest examples of monumental architecture discovered thus far in the Americas. Sechin Bajo may contend with sites of Norte Chico as the oldest urban settlement of the Americas.

10. Pentre Ifan, 3,500 B.C, Wales

Pentre Ifan is the name of an ancient manor in the civil parish of Nevern, Pembrokeshire, Wales. It contains and gives its name to the largest and best preserved neolithic dolmen in Wales. The Pentre Ifan Dolmen is a collection of 7 principal stones. The largest is the huge capstone, 5 metres long, 2.4 metres wide and 0.9 metres thick. It is estimated to weigh 16 tonnes and rests on the tips of three other stones, some 2.5 metres  off the ground. There are six upright stones, three of which support the capstone. Of the remaining three, two portal stones form an entrance and the third, at an angle, appears to block the doorway. The dolmen dates from approximately 3,500 B.C.and has traditionally been identified as a communal burial. Under this theory the existing stones formed the portal and main chamber of the tomb, which would originally have been covered by a large mound of stones about 30 metres (98 ft) long and 17 m wide.

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Top 10 Oldest Animal species in World

According to radiometric dating and other sources of evidence, Earth formed about 4.54 billion years ago. Since then million of animal species came, lived, died on earth. It's call the Evolution life cycle, This timeline of evolution of life represents the current scientific theory outlining the major events during the development of life on planet Earth. In biology, evolution is any change across successive generations in the heritable characteristics of biological populations. Evolution of every are merely depends upon environmental conditions of Earth. When digging down the history of Earth we can see some animal species manage to thrive upon the different geological time span of Earth, developed before million of years ago. Here the list of that top 10 oldest animal species on Earth.

Top 10 Most Oldest Animal species

1. Cyanobacteria (2.8 billion years)

Cyanobacteria is a phylum of bacteria that obtain their energy through photosynthesis. The name "cyanobacteria" comes from the color of the bacteria. They are often called blue-green algae, although some consider that name a misnomer, as cyanobacteria are prokaryotic and algae should be eukaryotic. Cyanobacterias are the oldest known living system in the world. They originated 2.8 billion years ago and the first ever microbe to produce oxygen via photosynthesis. In that way they became a part of converting Earth’s atmosphere into an oxidizing one. Cyanobacterias are also known as green-clue bacteria. The unicellular cyanobacterias reproduce through microfission.

2. Sponge (750 million years)

Sponges are animals of the phylum Porifera. They are multicellular organisms that have bodies full of pores and channels allowing water to circulate through them, consisting of jelly-like mesohyl sandwiched between two thin layers of cells. Sponges do not have nervous, digestive or circulatory systems. Instead, most rely on maintaining a constant water flow through their bodies to obtain food and oxygen and to remove wastes. There are 5000 different species of sponges in the world. They live in colonies in different depth of the oceans. They have a special power to restore the lost body part and new sponge will grow from old one. The body of sponges contains many canals, becomes shelter for many small aquatic animal species.

3. Jellyfish (500 million years)

Jellyfish are the major non-polyp form of individuals of the phylum Cnidaria. They are typified as free-swimming marine animals consisting of a gelatinous umbrella-shaped bell and trailing tentacles. Jellyfish are found in every ocean, from the surface to the deep sea. Large, often colorful, jellyfish are common in coastal zones worldwide. Jellyfish have roamed the seas for at least 500 million years, and possibly 700 million years or more, making them the oldest multi-organ animal. They have no brain and nervous system.
The 90 percentage of their body contain water. They are also known for eating other jellies. Box jellyfish of the family is the most venomous species on Earth. Their tentacles have more than 5000 stinging cells.


4. Nautilus (500 million years)

The nautilus is a pelagic marine mollusc of the cephalopod family Nautilidae, the sole extant family of the superfamily Nautilaceae and of its smaller but near equal suborder, Nautilina. Nautiluses are much closer to the first cephalopods that appeared about 500 million years ago. They have a seemingly simple brain and had long been assumed to lack intelligence. It is estimated that Nautilus is the only surviving member of the large group of shellfish. Nautilus is found in tropical water of Andaman, Fiji and Great Barrier Reef, The live under depth of 2200 feet of ocean. Nautilus also described as living fossil. These shells make them look like octopuses. The mouth of Nautilus surrounded by 100 tentacles and have a muscular hood on shells. It will help nautilus to fight against predators.

5. Horseshoe crabs (450 million years)

The Horseshoe crabs are marine arthropods of the family Limulidae and order Xiphosura or Xiphosurida, that live primarily in and around shallow ocean waters on soft sandy or muddy bottoms. They occasionally come onto shore to mate. They are commonly used as bait and in fertilizer. Because of their origin 450 million years ago (Mya), horseshoe crabs are considered living fossils. They have nine eyes in total, found throughout the body. Out of nine two large eyes are mainly used by horseshoe crabs and others are light receptors to control the movements. They also can sense ultra violet rays.

6. Coelacanth (360 million years) 

The coelacanths constitute a now rare order of fish that includes two extant species in the genus Latimeria: the West Indian Ocean coelacanth primarily found near the Comoro Islands off the east coast of Africa and the Indonesian coelacanth. Coelacanaths are one of critically endangered fish species evolved around 360 million years ago. They mainly live in  in coastlines of Africa and Indonesia. Coleanaths have length of 6.5 feet and weighs upto 90 kg. Coelacanaths live in depth of 2300 feet from the surface. They have a life span of 60 years. Coelacanath move like a trotting horse. The electro sensory organ helps Coelacanath to easily detect the preys in the ocean. Coelacanaths also have power to widen their mouth to catch large preys.

7. Sturgeon (245 to 208 million years)

Sturgeon is the common name for the 27 species of fish belonging to the family Acipenseridae. Their evolution dates back to the Triassic some 245 to 208 million years ago. Sturgeons have been referred to as "primitive fishes" because their morphological characteristics have remained relatively unchanged since the earliest fossil record; Sturgeons are native to subtropical, temperate and sub-Arctic rivers, lakes and coastlines of Eurasia and North America. Sturgeons are oldest member of the bony fish family. Sturgeons have a length up to 5.5 feet and weighs between 600 kg to 200 kg. Unfortunately now sturgeons are in the list of critically endangered species.

8. Horseshoe Shrimp (200 million years)

The Horseshoe Shrimp/Cephalocarida are a class in the subphylum Crustacea comprising only 12 benthic species. Though no fossil record of cephalocaridans has been found, most specialists believe them to be primitive among crustaceans. Horseshoe Shrimps were evolved on Earth in the same time as that of Dinosaurs evolve, around 200 million years ago. Horseshoe shrimp are very small in size (2 to 4 millimeters in length). The power to survive in any condition of weather and geological variations is the main quality of Horseshoe Shrimps. Once the pools of horseshoe shrimps get dries up the eggs remain dormant for many years. Scientist discovered  special marine species in 1955.

9. Frilled shark (150 million years)

The frilled shark (Chlamydoselachus anguineus) is one of two extant species of shark in the family Chlamydoselachidae, with a wide but patchy distribution in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. This species is found over the outer continental shelf and upper continental slope, generally near the bottom, though there is evidence of substantial upward movements. It has been caught as deep as 1,570 m (5,150 ft), although it is uncommon below 1,200 m (3,900 ft). In Suruga Bay, Japan, it is most common at depths of 50–200 m (160–660 ft). Exhibiting several "primitive" features, the frilled shark has often been termed a "living fossil".
The 5 foot long frilled shark has 300 trident shaped teeth over 25 rows. Frilled shark’s strange looking mouth looks much larger than that of other species of shark.

10. Martialis heureka (120 million years)

Martialis heureka is a species of ant discovered in 2000 from the Amazon rainforest near Manaus, Brazil. It was described as a new species and placed as the sole member of a new subfamily, Martialinae. The generic name means "from Mars" and was given due to its unusual morphology, and the species epithet heureka indicates the surprising discovery. It belongs to the oldest known distinct lineage to have diverged from the ancestors of all other ants. It is estimated that this special kind of ant species were evolved on Earth 120 million years ago. Martialis Huereka has a pale color, 3 millimeter in length and has no eyes. They used to live in soil. The discovery of Martialis Huereka helps the biologist to make in depth study about other ant species.

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